cold

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 寒 conveys cold.
• Basic usage: 寒い（さむい） is an adjective meaning cold, while 寒気（さむけ） means a bodily chill or shivering.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Cold weather and a bodily chill
  • 寒い describes a day made cold by strong wind or a cold morning. 寒い朝 means a cold morning.
  • 寒気を感じた means felt a chill, and, in the example, 寒気がして means because one felt a chill. In these uses, 寒気 is read さむけ and focuses on the cold felt in the body.