like · as

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 如 is associated with likeness; its kun-reading is ごとし.
• Basic usage: 突如(とつじょ) means suddenly, while 如実(にょじつ) expresses something being vivid or plainly apparent.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• A sudden event and a clear manifestation
  • 突如 describes an event happening abruptly, such as a bell ringing or clouds disappearing. This word ends in じょ.
  • 如実に表れました means became clearly apparent. It describes a difference between materials plainly appearing in the results; 如実 begins with にょ.