〜のもとで

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: Attach のもとで to a noun naming a person or system to describe activity under that person's guidance or that system's influence.
• Basic usage: 新しい上司のもとで、仕事を学んでいる。 describes learning the job in an environment guided by a new supervisor.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Distinction from をもとに
  • 監督のもとで練習する means practicing under a coach's guidance. 経験をもとに考える means using experience as the basis for thought, rather than describing a supervisory relationship.
• Connection before a noun
  • Use 新しい上司のもとで働く to describe an activity; before a noun, での can connect it, as in 新しい上司のもとでの仕事.