GRAMMAR DETAIL
で
Connects a noun or adjectival state to a following clause as a condition or related description.
Examples
祖父は元気で毎日を楽しく過ごしている。
My grandfather is healthy and enjoys every day.
Words used
この部屋は静かで、勉強に向いている。
This room is quiet and suitable for studying.
Words used
Study notes
1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning
- Structure: Use
でto connect a nominal or na-adjectival predicate to the following clause. - Basic usage:
この部屋は静かで、勉強に向いている。links the room's quiet state with its suitability for studying.
2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions
- Connection by word class
静かでand学生でconnect na-adjectival and nominal predicates, while an i-adjective usesくて, as in広くて. Do not addでto every adjective.
- Connecting a state and marking a place
- In
静かで勉強しやすい,でlinks a state to the following description; in部屋で勉強する, it marks the place of studying. The preceding word class and the sentence role distinguish the uses.
- In