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GRAMMAR DETAIL

以上は

N2

now that · since

Treats an established fact as grounds for a corresponding responsibility or naturally expected action.

Examples

2

Study notes

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

  • Structure: 以上は after a plain-form verb treats an accepted fact or choice as grounds for a responsibility or resolve.
  • Basic usage: 大会に出る以上は、練習を欠かせない。 presents practice as necessary given the speaker's decision to enter the competition.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

  • Past and dictionary forms
    • 選ばれた以上は takes having been chosen as its premise, while 出る以上は takes the choice to participate as its premise. The preceding clause need not be in the past.
  • Responsibility rather than a bare reason
    • 以上は emphasizes acting appropriately once the premise is accepted. It can foreground responsibility or an expectation more strongly than から.

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