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GRAMMAR DETAIL

N4

and; besides

Follows a plain-form clause to give one of multiple reasons or characteristics while implying that further grounds also exist.

Examples

3

Study notes

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

  • Structure: A clause takes to add a reason or characteristic.
  • Basic usage: この靴は軽いし、歩きやすいです。 presents lightness and ease of walking as combined advantages.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

  • Adding facts and ordering events
    • 軽いし、歩きやすい lists two characteristics. Connecting them with does not establish that the first arose before the second.
  • A single し and attachment
    • One reason can lead directly to a conclusion, as in 安いし、これにします. Nouns and na-adjectives retain , as in 学生だし and 静かだし.

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