GRAMMAR DETAIL
～なさい
Attaches to a verb stem to give a direct instruction from someone in a position of authority, such as a parent or teacher.
Examples
まず説明を最後まで読みなさい。
First, read the entire explanation.
Words used
分からない言葉は辞書で調べなさい。
Look up any words you do not understand in a dictionary.
Words used
食事の前に手を洗いなさい。
Wash your hands before eating.
Words used
Study notes
1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning
- Structure: A verb's
ますstem takesなさい. - Basic usage:
まず説明を最後まで読みなさい。directly instructs someone to read the explanation to the end first.
2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions
- Attachment
- Attach it to the stem, as in
読む → 読みなさいand調べる → 調べなさい. Distinguish this from attaching a form directly to the dictionary form.
- Attach it to the stem, as in
- Instruction and request
読みなさいpresents a teaching or directing stance, while読んでくださいrequests that someone read. The instructional tone matters when addressing an equal or someone to whom respect is due.