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GRAMMAR DETAIL

〜なくして

N1

without

Emphasizes an indispensable condition for success or realization and indicates that the result cannot hold without it.

Examples

3

Study notes

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

  • Structure: Attach なくして to a noun naming an essential condition and follow it with an expression of impossibility to emphasize that the result cannot hold without that condition.
  • Basic usage: 正確な情報なくして、判断はできない。 means that accurate information is indispensable for making a judgment.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

  • なくして versus なくても
    • 協力なくして実現できない says cooperation is necessary. 協力がなくても実現できる says realization is possible without it, reversing whether the condition is required.
  • Style compared with なしでは
    • 情報なしでは判断できない can express the same necessary condition. 情報なくして判断できない presents that necessity in a more formal, emphatic style.

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