GRAMMAR DETAIL
ざるを得ない
Indicates that external circumstances make an action unavoidable, even though it is not desired.
Examples
予算が不足しており、計画を延期せざるを得ない。
The budget is insufficient, so we have no choice but to postpone the plan.
Words used
雨が強くなり、試合を中止せざるを得なかった。
The rain grew heavier, so we had no choice but to cancel the game.
Words used
急な病気で旅行を取りやめざるを得なかった。
Because of a sudden illness, I had no choice but to cancel the trip.
Words used
Study notes
1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning
- Structure: Attach
ざるを得ない(ざるをえない)to a verb's negative stem to express an action made unavoidable by external circumstances. - Basic usage:
予算が不足しており、計画を延期せざるを得ない。says that a budget shortage makes postponing the plan unavoidable.
2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions
- Suru connects as sezaru
するbecomesせざるを得ない, and延期するlikewise becomes延期せざるを得ない. Regular verbs attach the expression to the part left after removingないfrom the nai-form, as in行かざるを得ないor諦めざるを得ない.
- An unavoidable choice versus a decision
休まざるを得ないsays circumstances leave no choice but to rest, while休むことにしたreports a decision to rest. The latter does not itself specify whether the reason for that decision was unavoidable.

