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GRAMMAR DETAIL

ざるを得ない

N2

have no choice but to

Indicates that external circumstances make an action unavoidable, even though it is not desired.

Examples

3

Study notes

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

  • Structure: Attach ざるを得ない(ざるをえない) to a verb's negative stem to express an action made unavoidable by external circumstances.
  • Basic usage: 予算が不足しており、計画を延期せざるを得ない。 says that a budget shortage makes postponing the plan unavoidable.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

  • Suru connects as sezaru
    • する becomes せざるを得ない, and 延期する likewise becomes 延期せざるを得ない. Regular verbs attach the expression to the part left after removing ない from the nai-form, as in 行かざるを得ない or 諦めざるを得ない.
  • An unavoidable choice versus a decision
    • 休まざるを得ない says circumstances leave no choice but to rest, while 休むことにした reports a decision to rest. The latter does not itself specify whether the reason for that decision was unavoidable.

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