GRAMMAR DETAIL
～による
Follows a cause, means, or standard and modifies the following noun by expressing that relationship.
Examples
大雨による被害が各地で報告されました。
Damage caused by the heavy rain was reported in various areas.
Words used
天候による予定の変更を入口に掲示しました。
We posted the weather-related schedule change at the entrance.
Words used
Study notes
1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning
- Structure: A noun for a cause, means, or standard takes
によるto modify the next noun. - Basic usage:
大雨による被害describes damage caused by heavy rain.
2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions
- Before a noun or predicate
大雨による被害modifies the noun for damage;大雨によって道が閉鎖されたconnects the cause to the statement that a road was closed. Choose the form according to what follows.
- A source of reported information
天候による予定の変更relates the weather to a schedule change. Distinguishによると, which introduces an information source, as in予報によると雨だそうです.